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| latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= | largest_city = capital | official_languages = French | regional_languages = and 35 other native languages | membership_type = Sovereign state | membership = | demonym = New Caledonians | status = Special collectivity | government_type = Dependent territory | leader_title1 = Presidential Head of State | leader_name1 = François Hollande | leader_title2 = President of the Government of New Caledonia | leader_name2 = Philippe Germain | leader_title3 = High Commissioner | leader_name3 = Vincent Bouvier | legislature = Congress | area_rank = 154th | area_land = 18275 | area_km2 = 18576 | population_estimate = | population_estimate_rank = 182nd | population_estimate_year = | population_census = 268,767〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=268 767 habitants en 2014. )〕 | population_census_year = Aug. 2014 | population_density_km2 = 14.5 | population_density_rank = 200th | GDP_nominal = US$9.89 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PIB GRANDS AGRÉGATS )〕 | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$38,921〔 | sovereignty_type = Special collectivity of France | established_event1 = Annexed by France | established_date1 = 1853 | established_event2 = Overseas territory | established_date2 = 1946 | established_event3 = Special collectivity | established_date3 = 1999 | currency = CFP franc | currency_code = XPF | utc_offset = +11 |drives_on = right | cctld = .nc | calling_code = +687 }} New Caledonia ((フランス語:Nouvelle-Calédonie))〔Previously known officially as the "Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies" ((フランス語:Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances)), then simply as the "Territory of New Caledonia" (French: ''Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie''), the official French name is now only ''Nouvelle-Calédonie'' (Organic Law of 19 March 1999, article 222 IV — see ()). The French courts often continue to use the appellation ''Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie''.〕 is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and east of Metropolitan France.〔 The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Chesterfield Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines, and a few remote islets.〔 The Chesterfield Islands are in the Coral Sea. Locals refer to Grande Terre as ''フランス語:Le Caillou'' ("the pebble"). New Caledonia has a land area of . Its population of 268,767 (Aug. 2014 census)〔 consists of a mix of Kanak people (the original inhabitants of New Caledonia), people of European descent (Caldoches and Metropolitan French), Polynesian people (mostly Wallisians), and Southeast Asian people, as well as a few people of Pied-Noir and Maghreban descent. The capital of the territory is Nouméa.〔 == History == The earliest traces of human presence in New Caledonia date back to the Lapita period. The Lapita were highly skilled navigators and agriculturists with influence over a large area of the Pacific. British explorer Captain James Cook was the first European to sight New Caledonia, on 4 September 1774, during his second voyage. He named it "New Caledonia", as the northeast of the island reminded him of Scotland.〔 The west coast of Grande Terre was approached by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse in 1788, shortly before his disappearance, and the Loyalty Islands were first visited in 1796.〔 From then until 1840, only a few sporadic contacts with the archipelago were recorded.〔 Contacts became more frequent after 1840, because of the interest in sandalwood from New Caledonia.〔 As trade in sandalwood declined, it was replaced by a new form of trade, "blackbirding", a euphemism for enslaving people from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands, New Hebrides, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands to work in sugarcane plantations in Fiji and Queensland.〔 The trade ceased at the start of the 20th century.〔 The victims of this trade were called "Kanakas", like all the Oceanian people, after the Hawaiian word for "man". The first missionaries from the London Missionary Society and the Marist Brothers arrived in the 1840s. In 1849, the crew of the American ship ''Cutter'' was killed and eaten by the Pouma clan. Cannibalism was widespread throughout New Caledonia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Caledonia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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